Two new species of Erythroneurini from China (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae)

Abstract Background The leafhopper genus Empoascanara Distant, 1918 encompasses 81 species, most of which are distributed in Afrotropical, Oriental and Australian Realm. The leafhopper genus Kapsa Dworakowska, 1972 encompasses 23 species, mainly known from the Oriental and Australian Realms. New information Two new species of the leafhopper tribe Erythroneurini from Guizhou Province, China, Empoascanaradichotomus sp. nov. and Kapsasinuose sp. nov. are described and illustrated. Identification keys to the males of the genera Empoascanara and Kapsa in China are proposed.


Introduction
The leafhopper genus Empoascanara Distant, 1918 was established with Empoascanara prima Distant, 1918 as its type species. So far, 81 species of the genus Empoascanara have been reported, most of which are distributed in Africa, the Orient and Australia. The leafhopper genus Kapsa Dworakowska, 1972 was established with Typhlocyba furcifrons Jacobi, 1941 as its type species (Dworakowska 1972). So far, 24 species have been included in the genus, with nearly half recorded from India (Song and Li 2012). This genus also occurs in China, Sri Lanka, Vietnam and other Oriental countries. The genus Kapsa Dworakowska, 1972 includes the nominotypical subgenus and subgenus Rigida Cao & Zhang (Yang et al. 2013). In the present paper, two new species from Guizhou Province, China are described and illustrated below.

Materials and methods
The specimens were obtained by sweep net and morphological terminology used in this work follows Dietrich (2005) and Song and Li (2013). Observation and drawings were made using an Olympus SZX16 and an Olympus BX53 microscopes. Habitus photos were taken using a KEYENCE VHX-5000 digital microscope. Body length is measured from the apex of vertex to the tip of the forewing. All specimens examined are deposited in the collection of the School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, China (GZNU).

Etymology
The specific name is derived from the Latin word "dichotomus" (bifurcated), referring to the bifurcated processes on the aedeagal shaft in the ventral view ( Fig. 3E and F).

Taxon discussion
Empoascanara dichotomus is characterised with the morphology of the genus Empoascanara as follows: Crown fore margin strongly produced and angulate medially or weakly produced, broadly rounded apically. Vertex usually with pair of dark pre-apical spots or with large

Description
Crown has anterior region yellow, while posterior area is yellow-milky, wider than pronotum. Face yellow, relatively long, with anteclypeus yellow (Fig. 2C). Pronotum milky yellow, without spots. Scutellum has anterior region yellow, while posterior area is yellow-milky. Border of forewings yellow, tinted with translucent centre ( Fig. 2A and B). Male abdominal apodemes extended not beyond hind margin of 3rd sternite (Fig. 4H).

Etymology
The specific name is derived from the Latin word "ramosis", which means that species have two processes on the aedeagal shaft in the ventral side view (Fig. 4E).

Taxon discussion
The new species, Kapsa ramosis, has the following morphological characters that places it within the subgenus Kapsa (see also Song and Li 2012): Three macrosetae on the subgenital plate present (the subgenus Rigida has at least four macrosetae on the subgenital plate). Head is narrower than pronotum. Crown fore margin weakly produced, broadly rounded apically. Face depressed in profile, less than 45° from horizontal. Male anteclypeus narrow, depressed, as in female. Colour pattern brown. Vertex unicolorous or with pair of dark pre-apical spots or with median apical spot. Vertex mid-line pale or dark. Face without black spots anterodorsad of antennal pits. Anteclypeus pale, concolorous with rest of face or brown or black. Pronotum pale or with dark posterior margin. Mesonotum entirely pale or pale, with dark lateral triangles or entirely dark, apex concolorous with rest of mesonotum or apex dark, contrasting with adjacent pale areas. Thoracic ventre entirely pale or with dark mesosternum, remainder pale or entirely dark. Forewings without oblique vittae or with broken oblique vittae, without crossbands or with darkened apices, without numerous irregular red dots.
Male pygofer not extended to apex of subgenital plate. Pygofer lobe rounded. Pygofer ventro-apical membranous area well developed. Subgenital plate lateral margin with angulate sub-basal projection. Subgenital plates free. Style pre-apical lobe prominent. Style apex truncate and expanded or with 3 points. Aedeagus with pre-atrium shorter than shaft or with pre-atrium about as long as shaft. Aedeagus without dorsal process or with processes on dorsal apodeme. Connective median anterior lobe broad. Connective stem absent or very short, depressed.
Kapsa ramosis is similar to K. furcifrons (Jacobi, 1941), but differs from it by having aedeagus with processes and the three macrosetae instead of five macrosetae on lateral surface centrally.