Spectrofluorimetric Method for Determination of Citalopram in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 647 September October 2008 Delhi: CBS Publishers and Distributors; 1996. p. 1-14. 7. Skoog DA, Holler FJ, Nieman TA. Principles of instrumental analysis. 5th ed. New York: Saunders College Publishing; 1997. p. 834-45. 8. The United States Pharmacopeia, (USP NF 29), Rockville, MD, USA: the United States Pharmacopeial Convention Inc.; 2005. p. 3050-3. Accepted 5 October 2008 Revised 22 February 2008 Received 23 February 2007 Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 2008, 70 (5): 644-647

1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-1-(4fl uorophenyl)-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-5-carbonitrile 1 , is one of a class of antidepressants known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.It is used to treat the depression associated with mood disorders.It is also used on occasion in the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder and anxiety 2 .
A review of literature revealed that many methods such as high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography [3][4][5][6] , for the determination of citalopram in pure, pharmaceutical preparations as well as in biological fl uids have been reported.The reported methods for determination of citalopram are laborious, expensive, time consuming and require sophisticated instrumentation.The aim of the present work was to develop a new spectrofluorimetric method that is sensitive, simple, reproducible, rapid and inexpensive.
Citalopram was given as a gift sample from Torrent, Ahmedabad, India.Methanol and sulphuric acid were of AR grade, obtained from Nice Chemicals Ltd., Cochin, India.All the other reagents used were of AR grade and were procured from SD Fine Chemicals, Mumbai, India.All fluorescence measurements were done on a spectrofl uorimeter RF-5301 PC (Shimadzu, Japan), with single quartz cell of 1 cm path length.
A stock solution of citalopram (500 g/ml) was prepared.Aliquots of 500 g/ml solution were suitably diluted with 0.05 M sulphuric acid to give the final concentration in the range of 0.100-0.900g/ml.The solution was scanned in the range of 200 to 500 nm against 0.05 M sulphuric acid as blank, to obtain the excitation and emission wavelength.The excitation and emission wavelength was found to be 239 nm and 300 nm, respectively.For analysis of citalopram in tablet dosage form, two commercial brands of citalopram (20 mg strength) were procured from local pharmacy.Twenty tablets of each brand were weighed and powdered for analysis.The tablet powder equivalent to 20 mg of citalopram was weighed accurately, transferred to a clean 100 ml volumetric flask and dissolved in methanol and the final volume was made up.The solution was filtered through Whatmann fi lter paper No. 40.An aliquot corresponding to 0.300 g/ml was analyzed by the method described above.
Recovery studies were done at three different levels.The pre-analyzed samples were spiked with 80%, 100% and 120% of the standard citalopram and the mixtures were reanalyzed by the proposed method.The estimation was made in triplicate.Percentage recovery was calculated from the amount of drug found in the solution.
Citalopram standard preparations were prepared in various media like buffer pH 3.0, 7.0 and 0.05 M sulphuric acid.Citalopram showed stronger native fluorescence property in 0.05 M sulphuric acid; hence it was selected as an optimum solvent for spectrofluorimetric analysis.The proposed method for determination of citalopram in tablet formulation was found to be simple, accurate, economical and rapid.Citalopram exhibited maximum excitation and emission wavelength at 239 nm and 300 nm, respectively.Linearity was shown in the concentration range of 0.100-0.900μg/ml (y= 752.58x-13.251;correlation coefficient r 2 = 0.9989).The overlain spectra are shown in fig. 1.
A relative standard deviation of 0.15% and 0.17% was observed on analysis of fi ve replicate samples of the two brands A and B (Celica from Solus and Citara from Intas), respectively (Table 1).The percentage recovery values were between 99.08% to 99.28%.Recovery results demonstrated that the proposed method was unaffected in the presence of formulation excipients and thus highly accurate.Both inter-day as well as intra-day precision carried out, showed that the RSD is less than 1%.Results obtained confi rmed ruggedness of the method.The proposed method was valid with respect to linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, reproducibility and precision.The developed method was found to be accurate, precise, reproducible and stable, which indicated that this method can be used for routine quality control of citalopram in bulk and its solid dosage form.

Fig. 1 :
Fig. 1: Fluorescence emission spectrum of citalopram Fluorescence emission spectrum of citalopram in 0.05 M sulphuric acid X axis depicts wavelength and Y axis depicts intensity

TABLE 1 : ANALYSIS OF COMMERCIAL FORMULATION OF CITALOPRAM
*Average of fi ve readings, Values are mean±standard deviation