Quantitative Analysis of Propranolol Hydrochloride by High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 395 May June 2008 Welfare, Vol. 2, Delhi: Publication by Controller of Publication; 1996. p. 484, 554. British Pharmacopoeia, 1993, Vol. 1, International ed. Published on the 2. Recommendation of the Medicines Commissions Pursuant to Medicines Act; 1968, 1993. p. 429,483. Becheracci C, Runchi FM, Segre G. Gas chromatographic method for 3. emergency determination of paracetamol in plasma. Farmaco Ed Prat 1981;36:312. Ebel S, Liedtake R, Misster B. Determination of paracetamol in blood 4. sample by HPLC. Archive Der Phamazie 1980;313:324. Adikwu MU. Titrimetric assay of paracetamol using DMSO. 5. Pharmacy World J 1991;8:84. Concheiro A, Vila JL, Labres M. Densitometric method for 6. determination of paracetamol in urine. Ciene Ind Farm 1982;1:38. Amine AS, Ragab GH. Spectrophotometric methods for the 7. determination of antiemetic drugs in bulk and in pharmaceutical preparation. Anal Sci 2003;19(5):747. Patel SA, Patel CN, Patel MM. Visible spectrophotometric methods 8. for the estimation of metoclopramide in tablets. Indian J Pharm Sci 2006;68:397. Bryson SM, Megoven EM, Gilbert LM. Evaluation of HPLC technique 9. for metoclopramide analysis. J Clin Hosp Pharm 1984;V9:263. Hanna GM, Lau Cam CA. 10. 1H NMR spectrophotometric assay method for metoclopramide in tablets and injection. Drug Develop Ind Pharm 1991;V17(7):975. The Þ rst method employing simultaneous equation is a very simple method and can be employed for routine analysis of these two drugs in combined dosage form using simple instrumentation. Once the molar absorptions are determined, very little time will be required for routine analysis, as it would only require determination of absorbance of sample at the two selected wavelengths and few simple calculations.

The Þ rst method employing simultaneous equation is a very simple method and can be employed for routine analysis of these two drugs in combined dosage form using simple instrumentation.Once the molar absorptions are determined, very little time will be required for routine analysis, as it would only require determination of absorbance of sample at the two selected wavelengths and few simple calculations.
The second method employed the graphic absorbance ratio at two selected wavelength, once the absorbance is determined.The reported methods were found to be accurate, simple and rapid.Hence it can be employed for routine analysis of both drugs in quality control laboratories.system.The spots so developed were densitometrically scanned at 290 nm.The linearity of the method was found to be within the concentration range of 200-2000 ng/spot.The validation parameters, tested in accordance with the requirements of ICH guidelines, prove the suitability of this method.The method was successively applied for determination of drug in tablets, wherein, no interference from tablet excipients was observed.

Key words: HPTLC, propranolol hydrochloride, tablets, validation
A stock solution containing 200 µg/ml of propranolol hydrochloride was prepared in methanol.Aliquots of this solution were applied on the plates to give spots with concentrations of 200-2000 ng/spot.Each concentration was applied six times and developed as described above.Chromatograms were obtained representing sharp and symmetrical peak.Calibration curve was established by plotting the obtained peak area on ordinate against corresponding concentration on abscissa.
To determine the content of the drug in solid dosage form, 20 tablets were accurately weighed, their average weight calculated and they were finely powdered.Powder equivalent to 40 mg of the drug was dissolved in methanol and sonicated for 20 min.
The solution was Þ ltered and diluted to 100 ml with the same solvent.An aliquot measuring 1 ml was diluted to 10 ml with methanol and this solution was appropriately applied on the plate to get approximately 400 ng/spot of the drug.The results obtained are summarized in Table 1.The method was validated as per ICH guidelines 17 .
A standard stock solution of the drug was applied on the plate so as to contain 200-2000 ng of propranolol hydrochloride per spot.The plate was developed, dried, and scanned as described above.
All measurements were repeated 6 times for each concentration.Correlation coefÞ cient (r) of the line, passing through all the points on a graph constructed by plotting mean of peak areas on ordinate against corresponding concentrations on ordinate, was found to be 0.9997 with slope 4.905.
Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were studied to determine the sensitivity of the Propranolol hydrochloride, chemically 1-[(1m e t h y l e t h y l ) a m i n o ] -3 -( 1 -n a p h t h y l e n y l o x y ) -2-propranolol hydrochloride 1 , is a non-selective β-adrenergic antagonist.It is used in the management of hypertension, phaeochromocytoma, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and cardiac arrhythmias 2 .Literature reported several titrimetric 3 , complexation 4 and spectrometric 5 methods for analyzing propranolol.
Several HPLC methods have also been reported for determining propranolol in pharmaceutical formulations and in biological fluids [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] .Indian Pharmacopoeia describes a spectrometric method 15 , whereas, USP describes a HPLC method 16 for assaying the drug.Following description is of a rapid, reliable and accurate HPTLC method for determination of propranolol hydrochloride in tablets.
All chemicals used were of analytical reagent grade, purchased from M/s Qualigens Fine Chemicals Ltd., Mumbai, India.The tablets were procured from the local market.HPTLC system consisted of Camag Linomat V applicator (Muttenz, Switzerland), a Camag twin trough TLC chamber of appropriate size, Camag TLC scanner 3, Wincats software (version 1.3.0.) and a Hamilton syringe (Switzerland) of 100 µl capacity.
Chromatography was performed on 20×10 cm aluminium backed silica gel 60 F 254 TLC plates (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany).Samples, applied as solutions of appropriate concentrations using Hamilton micro syringe and Linomat V applicator (Camag, Muttenz, Switzerland) were 6 mm wide bands with a distance of 13 mm within each spot.The plate was developed by ascending movement of solvent system, for 70 mm from the point of application, in a Camag twin trough chamber which was previously saturated with vapors of solvent system for a pre-optimized time period of 20 min at 25°±2°.The solvent system consisted of isopropanol:ethyl acetate:ammonia (1:8.5:0.5 v/v/v).The plate was dried and scanned at 290 nm, using Camag TLC scanner 3, equipped with Wincats software version 1.3.0., and slit dimensions of the scanner being set at 6.00 × 0.45 mm.summarized in Table 4.The optimized solvent system yielded a symmetrical peak for the drug with R f 0.52 (fig.1).A typical absorbance spectrum of the drug is shown in Þ g. 2. The peak for the drug from tablets was identiÞ ed by comparing the R f, and also comparing its absorbance spectrum with that obtained with the standard drug.Peak purity was determined by co-relating the spectra of drug at peak start (s), peak apex (m) and at peak end (e) positions, (correlation r (s, m) = 0.9999, r (m, e) = 0.9997).Thus, it can be concluded that no impurities or degradation products, likely to be present in the marketed tablets, were found to interfere with the peak of the drug.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors thank the Principal, Dr. S. J. Suarana, for developed method.LOD was calculated using formula, LOD= 3.3×σ/S, where, σ is residual standard deviation of regression line and S is slope of corresponding line.The LOD and LOQ were found to be 59.72 ng and 180.97 ng of the drug, respectively.
To ensure accuracy of the method, recovery studies were performed by standard addition method at 80%, 100% and 120% level, to the pre-analyzed samples and the subsequent solutions were re-analyzed.At each level, three determinations were performed and the results obtained are shown in Table 2.The results of recovery studies were within the speciÞ ed limits of ICH guidelines.Lower values of % RSD reß ect the accuracy of the method.
Precision, expressed in terms of % RSD, was determined in terms of intra-day and Inter-day precisions, analyzing the drug at three different concentrations, determining each concentration thrice.The sample solutions were analyzed using the method for 3 consecutive days, repeating the process twicea-day at different period.The results obtained are summarized in Table 3, and reflect high degree of precision.
Two different analyst performed assay on marketed tablets of the drug, in similar operational and environmental conditions, using the developed method to determine its ruggedness, and the results are

TABLE 1 : ASSAY OF PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE IN TABLET
n is number of repetitions

TABLE 2 : RESULTS OF RECOVERY STUDIES Drug added % Recovery Amount recovered % RSD (ng) n=3 (ng)±SD
n is number of repetitions

TABLE 4 : RUGGEDNESS TEST FOR THE METHOD
n is number of replicates