Functional validation used primary CAFs from patients with NSCLC, including NRF2 perturbation, KPNB1 knockdown, T-cell co-culture assays, and an orthotopic murine lung cancer model treated with antiprogrammed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1)-based combinations. The gene discussed is KPNB1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.