SIRT1 and atherosclerosis: In HUVECs, Poliumoside (40 μM) mitigated H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced injury and activated the SIRT1/NRF2/HO-1 axis; these effects were attenuated by SIRT1 knockdown.<h4>Conclusion</h4>This study highlights SIRT1 as a senescence-related theranostic candidate in atherosclerosis and identifies Poliumoside as a natural SIRT1 activator with endothelial protective activity <i>in vitro</i>.