Current evidence highlights tumour-bone interactions, including chemokine-mediated homing and RANK/RANKL pathway dysregulation, as key drivers of disease progression, while advances in imaging and radiomics improve diagnostic accuracy and prognostication; comparative analysis indicates that MRI provides superior local tumour delineation, whereas PET/CT enables assessment of metabolic activity and systemic disease burden, thereby informing surgical planning. The gene discussed is TNFSF11; the disease is neoplasm.