GSTM1 and thalassemia: Other variants, such as Hb Knossos, Hb Summer Hill, Hb Hope, and Hb Köln, which are uncommon in the Mediterranean region, were also detected.<h4>Conclusion</h4>This study provides an updated overview of <i>β</i>-thalassemia mutations and rare Hb variants in the Tunisian population.