ESR1 and interstitial lung disease: To address this paradox, we investigated whether sex- and tissue-specific regulation of the cyclooxygenase-2/cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein/estrogen receptor axis contributes to the distinct rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease manifestations.<h4>Methods</h4>Curdlan-induced SKG mice were used to assess sex-dependent disease manifestations.