PDCD1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse events were comparable (35.2% vs 30.2%, P = 0.606), with no treatment-related deaths.<h4>Conclusion</h4>In patients with advanced HCC and VP4 PVTT, the addition of PD-1 inhibitors to HAIC plus TKIs was associated with improved tumor response and prolonged survival without an apparent increase in severe treatment-related adverse events.