We also addressed the healthcare costs.<h4>Methods and results</h4>We enrolled 336 consecutive participants with T2DM, aged 60 ± 10 years old, 252/336 (75%) were males and were categorized into four groups: insulin, liraglutide, empagliflozin, and liraglutide+ empagliflozin. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.