CD8A and neoplasm: Findings were integrated with TCGA-STAD data and validated in an independent cohort (n = 20) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for NOTUM, SERPINA3, CD8, and FOXP3.<h4>Results</h4>Spatial profiling revealed distinct transcriptional programs across tumor-center regions (TC), immune cell infiltration area (MA), and other stromal regions (OTHER) compartments.