HBG1 and nutritional disorder: Three rare non-β-globin variants were identified: MYB c.107G>A (p.R36H) in 1 case, a variant of uncertain significance potentially linked to fetal HGB regulation; HBD c.440A>T (p.H147L) in another, which produced an artificially normalized HbA2 value (3.1%), creating a risk of β-thalassemia misdiagnosis; and HBG1 c.364G>T (p.E122*) in a third case, co-occurring with α-thalassemia and iron deficiency.