Neuroinflammation is involved in the development of sciatica.<h4>Purpose</h4>This study aimed to explore whether Gallic acid (GA) reduces neuroinflammation to relieve sciatica by regulating NOX4-mediated oxidative stress.<h4>Methods</h4>After scRNA-seq analysis was performed, 32 SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham operation, chronic constriction injury (CCI), CCI+mecobalamin, and CCI+GA groups. The gene discussed is NOX4; the disease is Sciatica.