The respective AUROCs for NGAL/creatinine, calprotectin/creatinine and KIM-1/creatinine were 0.71 ([95% CI 0.61-0.80], p = 0.001), 0.77 ([95% CI 0.68-0.86], p = 0.001) and 0.54 ([95% CI 0.44-0.65], p = 0.001).<h4>Conclusion</h4>To our knowledge, this is one of the largest human studies evaluating urinary Vanin-1 in AKI. The gene discussed is HAVCR1; the disease is acute kidney injury.