The present study was conducted to determine the effects of 1-week 3,4-dihydroxyflavonol (DiOHF) administration during transient experimental cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats on NeuN, Tuba1a, Tubb3, and calbindin were evaluated as markers of neuronal phenotype and cytoskeletal organization, while ICAM and BDNF were assessed in relation to inflammatory and neurotrophic processes. Here, BDNF is linked to brain ischemia.