However, roles for the T<sub>H</sub>1 effector cytokine, IFN-γ, in T<sub>H</sub>17-driven type 3 inflammation is unclear.<h4>Methods</h4>We devised a simplified reductionistic model to determine the role of IFN-γ in IL-17A-driven inflammation during <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (<i>Spn</i>) infection <i>in vivo.</i> Briefly, intratracheal instillation of <i>Spn</i> along with recombinant TNF-α and IL-17A was used to mimic rapid <i>Spn</i>-specific, T<sub>H</sub>17-driven, type 3 inflammation seen in lungs on memory recall infection with <i>Spn</i>. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and infection.