AKT1 and diabetes mellitus: In HK-2 cells, these nutrients partially restored AKT phosphorylation that was suppressed by high-glucose conditions, suggesting possible pathway-level relevance under high-glucose conditions.<h4>Conclusion</h4>This study identified significant associations between oxidative balance-related dietary components and renal impairment in diabetes and highlighted vitamin E, β-carotene, and magnesium as key antioxidant-related dietary factors.