While probiotics show therapeutic potential, their mechanism in AF remains unclear.<h4>Objectives</h4>This study investigates whether probiotics mitigate AF pathology by restoring gut microbiota homeostasis and inhibiting NLRP3 activation.<h4>Methods</h4>An AF model was induced in rats via acetylcholine (ACH)/CaCl2 infusion. Here, NLRP3 is linked to atrial fibrillation.