Therefore, targeting PRRs has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer prevention.<h4>Aims</h4>To investigate the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) and Lactobacillus casei (LC) on downstream signaling pathways of CLRs in a rat model of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).<h4>Methods and results</h4>In this study, we divided 35 rats into five groups: healthy control, cancer control, treated with live LP, treated with killed LP, and treated with live LC. This evidence concerns the gene LARS1 and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.