TNF and endothelial dysfunction: The aims of this study were: 1) to define the interactions between endothelial dysfunction biomarkers and cytokines in patients with AP; 2) to evaluate the prognostic value of triple-marker model regarding prediction of survival in AP.<h4>Methods</h4>In a prospective cohort of 100 AP patients, we serially measured biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), von Willebrand factor (vWF), endothelin, E-selectin) and inflammation (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin) on admission (day 0), day 1, and day 7.