IL1B and viral infectious disease: This review suggests that probenecid's anti-inflammatory activity, mediated by inhibition of MAPK pathways, suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and reduction of proinflammatory cytokines (such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β), may help manage viral infections by limiting immune-mediated tissue damage and enhancing clinical outcomes, in addition to its antiviral effects.