TLR4 and Cognitive impairment: To further interrogate pathway involvement, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist, was administered, followed by repeated behavioral testing and molecular analyses.<h4>Results</h4>Behavioral testing showed that PUE mitigated two-vessel occlusion (2VO)-induced cognitive deficits and reduced hippocampal neuronal injury.