Binary logistic regression was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of cystatin C for CSVD-related cognitive impairment.<h4>Results</h4>Compared with the normal cognition group, the VCI group exhibited significantly elevated serum levels of CysC, homocysteine, urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, fibrinogen, and D-dimer, along with a lower red blood cell count. The gene discussed is CST3; the disease is Cognitive impairment.