AFAP1 and cancer: In contrast to the cancer-promoting effect of M2-based derived lncRNAs, such as H19, AFAP1-AS1, and CRNDE, which stimulate tumor proliferation, metastases, and chemoresistance through a variety of cascades, M1-based derived lncRNAs, such as HOTTIP and NBR2, exhibit tumor-suppressive roles in augmenting inflammatory signals and inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition.