Risk stratification integrates non-modifiable factors (advanced age, African American/Hispanic/South Asian ethnicity, TCF7L2 polymorphisms, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease) with modifiable determinants (pre-transplant dysglycemia, obesity, hypomagnesemia, hepatitis C and cytomegalovirus infections, acute rejection, and diuretic use). The gene discussed is TCF7L2; the disease is hepatitis C virus infection.