Functional analyses included a secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter assay to measure TLR9 activation, a Cytometric Bead Array for cytokine quantification, and confocal microscopy to assess cellular uptake.<h4>Results</h4>PSCA-targeting NANO:BICs demonstrated significantly enhanced uptake into PSCA-positive cancer cells compared to non-targeting controls, with the PSCA receptor increasing uptake by a factor of 3.63. This evidence concerns the gene TLR9 and cancer.