Circulating myostatin was measured in patient samples from an advanced NSCLC clinical study.<h4>Results</h4>Anti-myostatin antibody treatment had limited efficacy in improving cachexia in mouse tumour models with high circulating GDF-15 (HT-1080 and RENCA), but improved cachexia (when combined with anti-GDF-15 antibody) in a tumour model with low circulating GDF-15 levels (TOV21G). Here, GDF15 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.