Additionally, BL-918 (activate autophagy) exposure in AML12 cells may recover FFA-induced ferroptosis and disorder of lipid metabolism.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Early-life high-fat-diet exposure induced pre-puberty obesity-related MASLD, possibly via autophagy, which may be regulated by the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway and mediated by ferroptosis in male mice. This evidence concerns the gene ULK1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.