CSF1 and glioma: Functional validation was conducted using SELENOS knockdown assays to evaluate effects on glioma proliferation, invasion, tumor growth, macrophage recruitment, CSF1 expression, and macrophage polarization.<h4>Results</h4>We identified a malignant glioma cell state, termed SehighMali, characterized by elevated selenoprotein expression and distinct metabolic and immunological features.