In this context, potential targets and pathways include CD123, myeloproliferative leukemia protein (MPL), fibroblast activation protein (FAP), the TGF-β signaling axis, the CXCR4-CXCL12 niche-regulatory axis, and molecules associated with myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Here, CXCR4 is linked to neoplasm.