MBP and hyperlipidemia: This study aimed to investigate the independent effects of statin therapy and hyperlipidemia on white matter integrity in CSVD patients.<h4>Objective</h4>To investigate the independent effects of hyperlipidemia and statin therapy on white matter damage in CSVD by examining their relationship with serum myelin basic protein (MBP) levels, Fazekas scores, and hippocampal structure.<h4>Methods</h4>This study recruited 141 participants from Fuyang City, China, with 71 CSVD patients and 70 NCSVD controls.