TNF and Alzheimer disease: Moreover, KXS could decrease Aβ, tau and AchE in the hippocampus, and TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MDA in both serum and hippocampus, while increase ACh in the hippocampus and SOD in both serum and hippocampus.<h4>Conclusion</h4>These findings suggest that KXS may alleviates cognitive deficits in AD animal models, which may be attributed to its modulation of multiple mechanisms, including Aβ and tau pathology, inflammation, oxidative stress, and cholinergic function.