INS and epilepsy: In this cross-sectional study, 152 children and adolescents with epilepsy and 116 age- and sex-matched controls underwent assessment of thyroid function (TSH, FT4, FT3), central thyroid hormone sensitivity indices (TFQI, PTFQI, TSHI, TT3RI, TT4RI), peripheral thyroid hormone metabolism (FT3/FT4 ratio), and metabolic parameters (fasting glucose, insulin, and lipid profile).