HMGB1 and autoimmune thyroid disease: Ketogenic diet (KD) intervention reversed all these alterations, effectively suppressing inflammation, oxidative stress, and pathogenic immune pathways.<h4>Conclusion</h4>KD ameliorates iodine-induced AIT in mice by modulating HMGB1/NLRP3-mediated inflammation, restoring immune balance, and reducing thyroid autoimmunity.