Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a biomarker released from injured renal tubular epithelial cells, has therefore emerged as a potential early indicator of renal injury.<h4>Objective</h4>This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of urinary NGAL as an early biomarker of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to compare its performance with conventional renal function markers.<h4>Methods</h4>A cross-sectional study was conducted including 90 participants: 72 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 18 healthy controls. This evidence concerns the gene LCN2 and diabetes mellitus.