Among seeds, flaxseed trials and mixed-seed interventions (pumpkin/sunflower/sesame/flaxseed) have the most direct clinical data in PCOS and have been associated with improvements in insulin resistance indices (e.g., homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)), inflammatory markers, lipid profiles, and selected reproductive parameters (e.g., luteinizing hormone (LH)/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio, ovarian morphology). The gene discussed is PLOD1; the disease is Insulin resistance.