Clarifying this process could support novel therapeutic strategies aimed at reactivating foetal-like hepatic EPO production to treat anaemia, particularly in preterm infants and in conditions associated with insufficient renal EPO production, such as chronic kidney disease.<h4>Funding</h4>This study was mainly supported by the Région des Pays de la Loire, The French National Agency for Research (ANR), the Fonds Européen de Développement Régional Bourgogne Franche Comté, the Marie Skłodowska-Curie action, and the Fondation Génavie. The gene discussed is EPO; the disease is chronic kidney disease.