CCN3 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Integration of druggability assessment with multi-tissue eQTL analyses prioritized FES, CCN3, NMI, and NMT1 as promising therapeutic candidates for COPD.<h4>Conclusion</h4>These findings provide genetic evidence supporting a causal relationship between EOA and COPD, reveal putative mediating proteins, and prioritize therapeutic candidates with translational potential, offering new insights into pathogenesis, prevention, and intervention.