TNF and acute respiratory distress syndrome: The mechanisms involve the exponential release of cytokines such as Interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-<i>α</i> (TNF-α), inflammation-mediated immunothrombosis, and excessive activation of Neutrophil Extracellular Trap formation (NETosis), ultimately leading to severe outcomes like Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and necrotizing pneumonia.