This review introduces the IGF-IGFBP network and its roles in osteogenesis and osteoclast differentiation, and explores its potential as a novel therapeutic target for osteoporosis.<h4>Method</h4>Relevant studies were identified in PubMed and Web of Science using the keywords 'IGFBP', 'Bone', and 'Osteoporosis', followed by a comprehensive review of the literature.<h4>Results</h4>IGF-IGFBP regulates bone metabolism by modulating the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into osteogenic and adipogenic lineages, as well as the differentiation process of osteoclasts. Here, IGF1 is linked to osteoporosis.