Emerging clinical data demonstrate that combination regimens-particularly dual ICIs (anti-PD-1 plus anti-CTLA-4) and ICI combinations with anti-angiogenic agents or chemotherapy-have shown promising efficacy, with some achieving superior response rates in AM patients.<h4>Discussion</h4>Understanding resistance mechanisms is critical for identifying novel therapeutic targets and optimizing personalized strategies. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is acute myeloblastic leukemia with maturation.