CD80 and infection: Although current prophylactic HPV vaccines have shown remarkable efficacy in preventing initial infections, there remains an urgent need for therapeutic vaccines targeting pre-existing HPV infections and HPV-associated malignancies.<h4>Methods</h4>In this study, we developed TriStim-E6/E7, a novel HPV mRNA vaccine that combines E6/E7 antigens with three T cell co-stimulatory molecules (CD80, 4-1BBL, and CD70).