A multivariate analysis was performed using generalized linear models adjusted for age, sex, disease duration, education level, glycated hemoglobin level, disease activity (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index), organ damage (Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index), current prednisolone (PSL) dose, past maximum PSL dose, calcineurin inhibitor use, and incretin-related drug use as covariates. Here, GCG is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.