Among these, the <i>CXCL9<sup>+</sup>SPP1<sup>-</sup></i> subpopulation exhibited macrophages with anti-tumor features, whereas the <i>CXCL9<sup>-</sup>SPP1<sup>+</sup></i> subpopulation showed macrophages with pro-tumor features. Here, SPP1 is linked to neoplasm.