Furthermore, the findings revealed that the PI3K-Akt pathway was activated in AF, and miR101a was capable of modulating AF progression through this pathway.<h4>Conclusion</h4>In this study, we demonstrated that miR101a, secreted by epicardial adipose macrophage-derived exosomes, regulates AF via the PI3K-Akt pathway and by targeting PDGF-DD. The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is atrial fibrillation.