<i>In vivo</i> results indicated that dexmedetomidine improved cognitive deficits and intervened in AD pathology in the hippocampal region of AD model mice.<h4>Conclusion</h4>This study reveals that dexmedetomidine inhibits ROS release and activates the XIAP-MDM2-p53 signaling pathway, thereby delaying apoptosis and ameliorating cognitive impairment in AD progression. The gene discussed is TP53; the disease is Alzheimer disease.