TGFB1 and hyperlipidemia: The TGF-<i>β</i> signaling pathway serves as a central regulator of tendon ECM metabolic homeostasis, among which the TGF-β/Smad2 axis can directly mediate the balanced regulation of collagen synthesis and degradation in tendons, yet its specific role and underlying molecular mechanism in hyperlipidemia-induced tendon ECM dysfunction remain poorly defined.<h4>Methods</h4>We examined how oxidized lipids affect the TGF-<i>β</i>/Smad2 signaling axis in tendon tissue.