INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: The main mechanisms responsible for cognitive improvement include control of arterial hypertension by reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure, lowering triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, along with improvement in fasting glucose, insulin levels, and hemoglobin A1c in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as lowering body mass index and obesity.