CYP1B1 and primary congenital glaucoma: First, <i>CYP1B1</i> functions as the dominant causal gene across both primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) and juvenile-onset open-angle glaucoma (JOAG), accounting for 76-86% of cases, with two founder alleles, p.G61E (penetrance 87.7%) and p.R469W (penetrance 93%), driving severe, early-onset phenotypes.