CCL5 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: <b>Methods and Results:</b> Based on a newly analyzed clinical cohort of 33 advanced NSCLC patients receiving anti-PD-1 therapy combined with platinum-based chemotherapy, we found that elevated baseline peripheral blood CCL5 levels significantly predicted shorter overall survival (27.6 months vs. not reached, HR = 2.779, <i>p</i> = 0.038) and a higher incidence of immune-related pneumonitis (<i>p</i> = 0.0072).